PENDEKATAN NEUROPSIKOLOGIS UNTUK MEMAHAMI GANGGUAN KECEMASAN: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55849/attasyrih.v11i2.370Keywords:
Gangguan Kecemasan, Neuropsikologi, Amigdala, Neurotransmiter, Terapi Psikologis.Abstract
Latar belakang penelitian ini berfokus pada gangguan kecemasan, yang merupakan salah satu gangguan mental yang paling umum dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup individu. Meskipun berbagai pendekatan telah digunakan untuk memahami kecemasan, pendekatan neuropsikologis menawarkan wawasan mendalam mengenai hubungan antara fungsi otak dan perilaku terkait kecemasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis penelitian-penelitian terbaru yang menggunakan pendekatan neuropsikologis dalam memahami gangguan kecemasan, dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor otak dan sistem saraf yang berperan dalam munculnya kecemasan. Metode penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur yang mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel-artikel ilmiah dari berbagai basis data seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Web of Science yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakseimbangan neurotransmiter, aktivitas berlebihan di amigdala, dan disfungsi sistem saraf otonom merupakan faktor kunci yang berperan dalam gangguan kecemasan. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya pendekatan neuropsikologis dalam merancang intervensi terapi yang lebih efektif untuk gangguan kecemasan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang mekanisme neuropsikologis yang mendasari kecemasan dapat membuka jalan bagi pengembangan terapi yang lebih tepat sasaran dan berbasis bukti.
References
Akiki, T. J., Jubeir, J., Bertrand, C., Tozzi, L., & Williams, L. M. (2025). Neural circuit basis of pathological anxiety. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 26(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-024-00880-4
Arya, A., & Sindhwani, G. (2016). A REVIEW ON THE NEURAL CIRCUITS IN ANXIETY DISORDERS. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(9), 26. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.11820
Bailey, C., Agrawal, N., Cope, S., Proctor, B., Mildon, B., Butler, M., Holt, K., Edwards, M., Poole, N., & Nicholson, T. R. (2024). Illness perceptions, experiences of stigma and engagement in functional neurological disorder (FND): Exploring the role of multidisciplinary group education sessions. BMJ Neurology Open, 6(1), e000633. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2024-000633
Bomyea, J., Ball, T. M., Simmons, A. N., Campbell-Sills, L., Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2020). Change in neural response during emotion regulation is associated with symptom reduction in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 271, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.001
Cohodes, E. M., & Gee, D. G. (2019). Etiological Factors: Basic Neuroscience. Dalam Pediatric Anxiety Disorders (hlm. 47–71). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00004-9
Costa, A. P., Moresi, E. D., Pinho, I., & Halaweh, M. (2023). Integrating Bibliometrics and Qualitative Content Analysis for Conducting a Literature Review. 2023 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT58888.2023.10453680
Ferrarelli, F., & Phillips, M. L. (2021). Examining and Modulating Neural Circuits in Psychiatric Disorders With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography: Present Practices and Future Developments. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(5), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20071050
Gauthier, I., & Nuss, P. (2015). Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: A disturbance of modulation. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 165. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S58841
Ghasemi, M., Navidhamidi, M., Rezaei, F., Azizikia, A., & Mehranfard, N. (2022). Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 22(3), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00973-y
Goranova, E., & Sakareva, I. (2024). Evidence-Based Practice in Neurofeedback. A Historical Perspective. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.13486588
Hofmann, S. G., Ellard, K. K., & Siegle, G. J. (2012). Neurobiological correlates of cognitions in fear and anxiety: A cognitive–neurobiological information-processing model. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.579414
Langarita Llorente, R., & Gracia García, P. (2019). Neuropsicología del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada: Revisión sistemática. Revista de Neurología, 69(02), 59. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.6902.2018371
Li, W., Yang, P., Ngetich, R. K., Zhang, J., Jin, Z., & Li, L. (2021). Differential involvement of frontoparietal network and insula cortex in emotion regulation. Neuropsychologia, 161, 107991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107991
Liu, W.-Z., Huang, S.-H., Wang, Y., Wang, C.-Y., Pan, H.-Q., Zhao, K., Hu, P., Pan, B.-X., & Zhang, W.-H. (2023). Medial prefrontal cortex input to basolateral amygdala controls acute stress-induced short-term anxiety-like behavior in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 48(5), 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01515-x
Liu, Z. (2025). The Bidirectional Relationship Between FGIDs and Anxiety: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Strategies. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 53(4), 914–926. https://doi.org/10.62641/aep.v53i4.1852
Luo, Y., Jiang, N., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Chen, F., Li, X., Qiang, M., Zeng, G., He, Q., Liu, X., & Shan, C. (2025). Chronic unpredictable mild stress induces anxiety-like behavior in female C57BL/6N mice, accompanied by alterations in inflammation and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 19, 1556744. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1556744
McNaughton, N., & Gray, J. A. (2024). The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system (3 ed.). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843313.001.0001
Meaney, M. J., Liebowitz, M. R., & David Leonardo, E. (2024). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. Dalam A. Tasman, M. B. Riba, R. D. Alarcón, C. A. Alfonso, S. Kanba, D. Lecic-Tosevski, D. M. Ndetei, C. H. Ng, & T. G. Schulze (Ed.), Tasman’s Psychiatry (hlm. 683–724). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_84
Mehta, N. D., Stevens, J. S., Li, Z., Fani, N., Gillespie, C. F., Ravi, M., Michopoulos, V., & Felger, J. C. (2022). Inflammation, amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal functional connectivity and symptoms of anxiety and PTSD in African American women recruited from an inner-city hospital: Preliminary results. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 105, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.013
Reinecke, A., & Harmer, C. J. (2016). A Cognitive-Neuropsychological Account of Treatment Action in Anxiety: Can We Augment Clinical Efficacy? Psychopathology Review, a3(1), 77–109. https://doi.org/10.5127/pr.035113
Sbicigo, J. B., Toazza, R., Becker, N., Ecker, K., Manfro, G. G., & Salles, J. F. D. (2020). Memory and language impairments are associated with anxiety disorder severity in childhood. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0051
Sepadi, M. (2023). Understanding Anxiety Disorder: An African Perspective. Dalam H. R. Maapola-Thobejane & M. O. Maguvhe (Ed.), Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design (hlm. 298–312). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5800-6.ch021
Sivolap, Yu. P., & Azimova, Y. E. (2020). Anxiety in neurological practice. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Im. S.S. Korsakova, 120(5), 165. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2020120051165
Vázquez-León, P., Miranda-Páez, A., Valencia-Flores, K., & Sánchez-Castillo, H. (2023). Defensive and Emotional Behavior Modulation by Serotonin in the Periaqueductal Gray. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 43(4), 1453–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-022-01262-z
Villabø, M. A., & Compton, S. N. (2019). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Dalam Pediatric Anxiety Disorders (hlm. 317–334). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00015-3
Xie, M., Xiong, Y., & Wang, H. (2024). The regulative role and mechanism of BNST in anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1437476. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1437476
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Puja Miranda, Eli Zerni, Wahidah Fitriani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
