Nazariyyah al-Taysir al-Istinbati: Model Ijtihad Kontemporer dalam Transformasi Bai‘ al-Wafa’ pada Fatwa Likuiditas Syariah

Wachi Baihaqi; Asmuni Asmuni

doi:10.55849/attasyrih.v12i1.521

Authors

Wachi Baihaqi Universitas Islam Indonesia
Asmuni Asmuni Universitas Islam Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55849/attasyrih.v12i1.521

Keywords:

al-taysir, istinbaṭ fatwa, bai‘ al-wafa’, ḥilah ribawiyyah

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji transformasi bai‘ al-wafa’ menjadi al-bai‘ ma‘a al-wa‘d bi al-syira’ dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 94/2014 tentang repo syariah dan Fatwa No. 109/2017 tentang pembiayaan likuiditas jangka pendek syariah. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi tersebut bukan sekadar perubahan terminologi, melainkan rekonstruksi metodologis dalam struktur akad melalui al-taysir sebagai mekanisme istinba? fatwa kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif-doktrinal, konseptual-analitis, dan studi fatwa, penelitian ini menganalisis perdebatan klasik mengenai bai‘ al-wafa’, potensi ?ilah ribawiyyah, serta strategi DSN-MUI dalam memisahkan antara akad jual beli dan janji pembelian kembali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DSN-MUI berhasil menghindari praktik ribawi dan problematika bai‘ al-wafa’ dengan memastikan perpindahan kepemilikan yang nyata, menempatkan keuntungan sebagai konsekuensi kepemilikan aset, serta memisahkan secara tegas antara ‘aqd dan wa‘d. Artikel ini menawarkan teori baru, yaitu nazariyyah al-taysir al-istinba?i, yang memposisikan al-taysir sebagai mekanisme metodologis dalam mentransformasikan akad bermasalah menjadi konstruksi yang lebih aman secara syariah dan fungsional secara ekonomi. Teori ini bekerja melalui lima tahap: verifikasi kebutuhan, pembedaan antara solusi dan ?ilah, transformasi struktur akad, pemisahan akad dan janji, serta pengendalian maslahat dalam koridor syariah.

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